![]() 2 HFNOT provides warmed, humidified gases at flows of up to 60 litre min −1, with inspired oxygen concentrations of up to 100%. A similar continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) effect, with higher flows, was noted in adults 1 and from here, HFNOT was developed. The ability of nasal cannulae to provide positive pressure to the airways was first noted in neonates, and it is in this patient group that this therapeutic effect was first used. Invasive ventilation is also associated with a number of complications including ventilator-associated pneumonia. Respiratory failure is distressing for patients and treatment modalities currently in use may be associated with discomfort from upper airway drying, tightly fitting facemasks, and resultant complications such as skin breakdown. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) is increasingly used as part of both ward-based and critical care management of respiratory failure. HFNOT can be useful in preventing postoperative respiratory failure.Ĭautions for its use are similar to those for non-invasive facemask positive pressure ventilation. There is increasing evidence for its use in acute respiratory failure, as an aid to preoxygenation, in the management of the difficult airway and during bronchoscopy. It reduces heat and moisture loss from the airway, reduces anatomical dead space, provides PEEP, and improves oxygenation. ![]() High-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) provides a valuable triad of humidity, high F I O 2, and improved patient compliance.
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